Inventory number
GL II.166
Artist
The Euergides Painter
Category
Vessel
Period
Archaic Period
Date
510-500 BC
Dimensions
Height: 0.083 m to 0.128 m
Length: 0.125 m to 0.245 m
Material
Clay
Location
First Floor Case 29, No 2
Fragments from a kylix decorated in the red-figure technique found in the Acropolis.
The interior of the vase was covered with shiny black glaze and bore an inscription from which only the first two letters from the vase-painter’s name EY[ΕΡΓΙΔΕΣ] have survived. The exterior depicts goddess Athena in a sculpting, vase-painting and metallurgy workshop. The simultaneous depiction of work, relating to the three characteristic crafts with the presence of Athena, is unique.
Athena is shown seated, wearing a wreath on her hair. She is clad with chiton and himation and holds an Attic-type helmet and shield, behind which three snakes decorating her aegis can be discerned. Her depiction has been sometimes interpreted as a bronze statue and other times as the goddess herself, who in her capacity as Athena Ergane oversees the craftsmanship.
To Athena’s left a seated vase-painter is depicted holding a long brush and painting a kylix that is placed on a potter’s wheel. In front of him a wreathed woman, might be giving him instructions with her outstretched right hand. It has also been suggested that she is a wingless Nike about to crown him with a wreath.
Behind the vase-painter two, partially preserved, naked craftsmen are occupying themselves with a horse statue. Only the horse’s legs and part of the neck can be seen, which is sporting a wreath. To Athena’s right a bronzesmith wearing a wreath on his head is sitting next to a furnace. He is holding tongs in his left hand so he can retract objects from the fire and a small hammer in his right. Next to him is an anvil for hammering the objects. His helper appears from behind the furnace holding a pair of bellows to fuel the fire with air. On the wall in the background an assortment of tools are hanging, as well as a craftsman hat, a pilos.
BAPD, Beazley Archive Pottery Database, www.beazley.ox.ac.uk, αρ. κατ. 200761
AVI, Attic Vase Inscriptions / Attische Vaseninschriften - www.avi.unibas.ch, αρ. κατ. AVI 1276
Hartwig, P., «Die Anwendung der Federfahne bei den griechischen Vasenmalern», Jahrbuch des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts 14, 1899, σελ. 153-154
Perrot, G., Chipiez, C., Histoire de l'art dans l'antiquite. La Grèce archaïque: la Glyptique, la Numismatique, la Peinture, la Céramique, IX, Paris, 1911, σελ. 339, εικ. 182
Beazley, J.D., «A Note on the Painter of the Vases Signed Euergides», Journal of Hellenic Studies 33, 1913, σελ. 353, αρ. κατ. 44
Beazley, J.D., «Fragment of a Vase at Oxford and the Painter of the Tyszkiewicz Crater in Boston», American Journal of Archaeology 20, 1916, σελ. 144-145
Richter, G., The Craft of Athenian Pottery, New Haven, 1923, σελ. 72-73, εικ. 68
Beazley, J.D., Attische Vasenmaler des rotfigurigen Stils, Tübingen, 1925, σελ. 33.47
Casson, S., The Technique of Early Greek Sculpture, Oxford, 1933, σελ. 160-161, 228-230, 231, εικ. 54
Graef, B., Langlotz, E., Die antiken Vasen von der Akropolis zu Athen, 2, Berlin, 1933, σελ. 12-13, εικ. 6, αρ. κατ. 166
Beazley, J.D., Attic Red-figure Vase-painters, 1st edition, Oxford, 1942, σελ. 62.60
Richter, G., Attic Red-Figured Vases: A Survey, New Haven/London, 1946, σελ. 51 υποσημ. 94
Beazley, J.D., Potter and painter in ancient Athens, London, 1946, σελ. 8-10, εικ. 1.2-3
Beazley, J.D., «Some Inscriptions on Vases: V», American Journal of Archaeology 54, 1950, σελ. 317, αρ. κατ. 13
Beazley, J.D., Attic Red-figure Vase-painters, 2nd edition, Oxford, 1963, σελ. 92.64
Mallwitz, A., Schiering, W., Die Werkstatt des Pheidias in Olympia, Olympische Forschungen 5, Berlin, 1964, σελ. 244, 246, εικ. 71
Ziomecki, J., «Die keramischen Techniken im antiken Griechenland», Raggi. Zeitschrift für Kunstgeschichte und Archäologie, 6:1/2, 1964, σελ. 22-24, εικ. 11
Beazley, J.D., Paralipomena: Additions to Attic black- figure Vase-painters and to Attic red-figure Vase-painters, Oxford, 1971, σελ. 330
Himmelmann, N., Archäologisches zum Problem der griechischen Sklaverei, Mainz, 1971, σελ. 11-12, εικ. 5
Lacroix, L., Etudes d'archeologie numismatique, Paris, 1974, σελ. 30, εικ. II.3
Kunisch, N., «Zur helmhaltenden Athena», Mitteilungen des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts. Athenische Abteilung 89, 1974, σελ. 92, αρ. κατ. 97
Boardman, J., Athenian Red Figure Vases, the Archaic Period: Α Ηandbook, London, 1975, σελ. 60, εικ. 101
Ziomecki, J., Les représentations d'artisans sur les vases attiques, Wroclaw, 1975, σελ. 22, 147, εικ. 1, αρ. κατ. 1
Rouillard, P., «Le peintre d'Euergides», Revue Archéologique Fasc. 1, 1975, σελ. 55-60, εικ. 16
Burn, L., Glynn, R., Beazley Addenda, Additional References to ABV, ARV2 & Paralipomena, Oxford, 1982, σελ. 84, αρ. κατ. 92.64
LIMC II, Athena, σελ. 962, εικ. 707, αρ. κατ. 40
Oddy, W.A., Swaddling, J., «Illustrations of Metalworking Furnaces on Greek Vases», στο P.T. Craddock, M.J. Hughes (επιμ.), Furnaces and Smelting Technology in Antiquity. 29-30 October 1982, London, 1985, σελ. 44, 45-46, 56, εικ. 8
Carpenter, T.H., Mannack, T., Mendonca, M., Beazley Addenda, 2nd edition, Oxford, 1989, σελ. 171, αρ. κατ. 92.64
Shapiro, H.A., Art and Cult under the Tyrants in Athens, Mainz, 1989, σελ. 31 υποσημ. 106
Beazley, J.D., «Potter and Painter in Ancient Athens», στο D.C. Kurtz (επιμ.), Greek Vases, Lectures by J.D. Beazley, Oxford, 1989, σελ. 41-42, 51, εικ. 25.2
Philipp, H., «Handwerker und bildende Künstler in der griechischen Gesellschaft», στο P.C. Bol, D. Kreikenbom (επιμ.), Polyklet, Der Bildhauer der griechischen Klassik, Liebieghaus, Museum Alter Plastik, Frankfurt am Main, 17.10.1990 – 20.1.1991, Museum alter Plastik, Frankfurt, 1990, σελ. 83, εικ. 18
Morris, S.P., Daidalos and the Origins of Greek Art, Princeton, 1992, σελ. 361, εικ. 60
Born, H., Hansen, S., Frühgriechische Bronzehelme, Mainz, 1994, σελ. 106, εικ. 89
Wagner, C., Dedication Practices on the Athenian Acropolis, 8th to 4th centuries B.C, University of Oxford, 1997, σελ. 52, 78, 79 υποσημ. 371, εικ. 48
Moore, M.B., Attic Red-Figured and White-Ground Pottery, The Athenian Agora XXX, Princeton, 1997, σελ. 89 υποσημ. 18
Vidale, M., «Le diverse nature del tornio da vasaio nelle immagini della ceramica greca (VI-IV secolo a.C.)», Ocnus 6, 1998, σελ. 124-125, εικ. 4.8, αρ. κατ. 8
Hurwit, J.M., The Athenian Acropolis, History, Mythology and archaeology from Neolithic Era to the Present, Cambridge, 1999, σελ. 16, εικ. 14
Cohen, B., «Man-killers and their victims», στο B. Cohen (επιμ.), Not the Classical Ideal, Athens and the Construction of the Other in Greek Art, Leiden, Boston and Koln, 2000, σελ. 159, εικ. 6.3
Pipili, M., «Wearing another Hat: Workmen in Town and Country», στο B. Cohen (επιμ.), Not the Classical Ideal. Athens and the Construction of the Other in Greek Art, Leiden/Boston/Köln, 2000, σελ. 158-159, εικ. 6.3
Steinhart, Μ., «Athena Lemnia, Athen und Lemnos», Archäologischer Anzeiger 2000, σελ. 384-385, εικ. 5
Wagner, C., «The Potters and Athena. Dedications on the Athenian Acropolis», στο A.J.N.W. Prag, A.M. Snodgrass, G.R. Tsetskhladze (επιμ.), Periplous: papers on classical art and archaeology presented to Sir John Boardman, London, 2000, σελ. 385
Vidale, M., L' idea di un lavoro lieve, Il lavoro artigianale nelle immagine della ceramica greca tra VI et IV secolo a.C., Padova, 2002, σελ. 178-180, εικ. 23
Χατζηδημητρίου, Α., Παραστάσεις εργαστηρίων και εμπορίου στην εικονογραφία των αρχαϊκών και κλασικών χρόνων, Αθήνα, 2005, σελ. 38, 60, 64, 138, 164, 165, 210, 213, 215, πίν. 15, αρ. κατ. I.Κ42, II.Χ6, III.Γ2
Verbanck-Piérard, A., «The Colors of the Acropolis: Special Techniques for Athena», στο K. Lapatin (επιμ.), Special Techniques in Athenian Vases, at the Getty Villa, June 15-17, 2006, Los Angeles, 2008, σελ. 55, εικ. 6
Haug, A., «Handwerkerszenen auf athenischen Vasen des 6. und 5. Jh. v. Chr.: Berufliches Selbstbewußtsein und sozialer Status», Jahrbuch des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts 123, 2011, σελ. 9 υποσημ. 35, 10, 12 υποσημ. 45, 13 υποσημ. 50 και 52, 14 υποσημ. 54, 18 υποσημ. 62, 26, 27, εικ. 12
Pala, E., Acropoli di Atene, Un microcosmo della produzione e distribuzione della ceramica attica, Rome, 2012, σελ. 250-252, 353, εικ. 135, αρ. κατ. ΙΙ.166
Verbanck-Piérard, A., «Sous les yeux d’Athéna et des Athéniens: vases, techniques et statut de l’artisan à l’Acropole», Mètis 12, 2014, σελ. 41 υποσημ. 52, 42, εικ. 6
Meyer, M., Athena, Göttin von Athen Kult und Mythos auf der Akropolis bis in klassische Zeit, Wien, 2017, σελ. 170 υποσημ. 1341, 171 υποσημ. 1350, 179 υποσημ. 1416, 605, εικ. 193
Neils, J., «Athena in the Ergasterion?», στο O. Palagia, E.P. Sioumpara (επιμ.), From Hippias to Kallias. Greek Art in Athens and Beyond 527-449 B.C., Athens, 2019, σελ. 79-80, εικ. 1a-b
Gillis A.-C., Des dieux dans le four. Enquête archéologique sur les pratiques religieuses du monde artisanal en Grèce ancienne, Archaiologia, Villeneuve d'Ascq, 2021, σελ. 106, εικ. 15, αρ. κατ. C94
We use cookies to improve your experience on our site
The use of your data is described in the privacy settings