Athena Nike Temple. Parapet. Persian trophy

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Provision of image

Inventory number

Ακρ. 981

Artist

Agorakritos' workshop

Category

Architectural sculpture

Period

Classical Period

Date

Around 410 BC

Dimensions

Height: 0.63 m
Length: 0.28 m
Width: 0.05 m

Material

Marble from Penteli

Location

First Floor, West, Open case. Parapet of Athena Nike Temple

Description
Bibliography

Slab fragment from the parapet that was constructed around the Temple of Athena Nike. It is not known when and where it was found, however, in 1880 it was housed in the Propylaia Pinakotheke which at the time served as a place for storing antiquities.

The arm and a small part of a Nike's torso are preserved. The goddess advances towards a trophy in order to adorn it with weapons. The trophy consists of a tree trunk over which a kandys, the Persian military sleeved garment, is placed, whereas discerned is also a kidaris, the leather Persian helmet cheek piece. Nike holds a long object, possibly a quiver, in order to hang it on the trophy. Two indiscernible objects at the lowest part of the trophy are interpreted as a quiver and a case for a sword.

The parapet enclosed the three sides of the bastion, on which the temple was built. It consisted of slabs approximately one meter in height whose outer surfaces were decorated with relief scenes visible by those ascending the Acropolis. The holes preserved on the upper surface of these slabs indicate that there was originally a metal railing, which further raised the height of the parapet.

The theme depicted on the parapet is a celebration of the military victories of the Athenians against their enemies, either Persians or other Greeks. The narrative is not continuous; instead it is composed of separate, individual scenes which – with slight variations – recur on each side of the parapet: winged Nikai lead bulls to sacrifice or hold weapons and adorn victory trophies with Greek or Persian armour. Among them sits goddess Athena, resting after victorious battles. The carving of the temple's sculptures was carried out by many different artists under the supervision of Agorakritos. These sculpted figures are highly representative of the end of the 5th cent. BC style called by archaeologists the "Rich Style".

In 1687 the temple and the parapet of Athena Nike were dismantled by the Ottomans and the material was used for the reinforcement of a gun emplacement and the fortification of the west side of the Acropolis against the attacks by the Venetians under the command of the general Francesco Morosini. Between 1835 and 1836 the gun emplacement was demolished and the Temple of Athena Nike was restored for the first time under the supervision of Ludwig Ross, the administrator of antiquities at the time. A second reconstruction was carried out in 1940, while a third was completed in 2010.

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